Clement Ooi: Copper Sulfate

Cyanide is made up of one atom of carbon and one atom of nitrogen. Cyanide has the chemical symbol CN. It is found in apple seeds, plum pips and apricot seeds. Eating a apple seed or a plum pip will not cause harm, but eating an apricot seeds will cause diarrhea. Hydrogen will react with cyanide to form hydrogen cyanide gas, and a gas mask must be worn, to avoid inhaling the poisonous gas. However, cyanide also has its uses. It can be used in mining, medicine, fishing, or as a food additive. However, fishing using cyanide is illegal and dangerous.

Wallace Lim: Carbon Monoxide

carbon monoxide is a gas produced by car engines. it is a major cause of deaths for people. when they inhale too much of it, they will die eventually. whats more, it is colourless, odorless and tasteless. therefore, most of the people tend to die while sleeping in their automobiles while they are sleeping. it is produced from the combustion of the engine. it is a result of the lack of oxygen to produce CO2. therefore, it it is made up of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, with a triple bond. when it enters our body, it combines with our haemoglobins in our bodies and produces carboxyhemoglobin. this will result in a lack of oxygen for our body as the haemoglobins will be no longer transport the oxygen needed for our body to produce energy, causing suffocation.

Zac Lee's project

Nitric Oxide
Nitric Oxide, also known as nitrogen monoxide, is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This diatomic gas is an important cell-signaling molecule in mammals, including humans, and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry. It is also an air pollutant produced by combustion of substances in air, like in automobile engines and fossil fuel power plants. In mammals, Nitric Oxide is an important cellular messenger molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Low levels of NO production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage. However, sustained levels of increase NO production result in direct tissue damage and contribute to the vascular collapse associated with septic shock, whereas chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Nitric oxide should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic and greenhouse gas, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown toxic gas and a major air pollutant. However, nitric oxide is rapidly oxidised in air to nitrogen dioxide, as Humphrey Davy found to his discomfort when he inhaled the gas early in his career. Despite being a simple molecule, NO is a fundamental component in the fields of neuroscience, physiology, and immunology, and was proclaimed “Molecule of the Year” in 1992.

Sited from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide

Chemical Bonding Assignment by Yuan Xinran Stanley (30) 2P3

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a colorless and odorless solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and water. This acid is a highly corrosive chemical compound with several applications in industry. It is also found in diluted amounts in the stomach of humans and animals as gastric acid.  Hydrochloric acid is one of the most corrosive of the non oxidizing acids in contact with copper alloys, and is handled in dilute solutions. It is soluble in benzene, alcohol, and ether; it is insoluble in hydrocarbons, and incompatible or reactive with metals, hydroxides, amines, and alkalis. Hydrochloric acid’s fumes have an acid, penetrating odor. Aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid attack and corrode nearly all metals, except mercury, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, and certain alloys.  It may be colored yellow by traces of iron, chlorine, and organic matter. Synonyms for hydrochloric acid are hydrogen chloride, anhydrous hydrogen chloride, aqueous hydrogen chloride, chlorohydric acid, spirit of salts, and muriatic acid. Hydrogen (H) and Chlorine (Cl) go through covalent bonding to form the Hydrochloric acid.

science by BRYAN SOON

Carbon + oxygen = carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO), also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas which is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions.
It consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond which consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.

Sodium cyanide-Ong Kian Han (20)

sodium + carbon + nitrogen= sodium cyanide
ionic bonding
Sodium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCN. This highly toxic colourless salt is used mainly in gold mining but has other niche applications. It is an inorganic salt derived from neutralization reactions involving the weak acid hydrogen cyanide.Being highly toxic, sodium cyanide is used to kill or stun rapidly such as in illegal cyanide fishing and in collecting jars used by entomologists.Sodium cyanide, a white odourless crystalline soluble and poisonous compound with an odour of hydrogen cyanide when damp. It is used for extracting gold and silver from their ores and for case-hardening steel. Formula: NaCN.

Chemical bonding assignment by Lim Dae Koon (16)

Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas which is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans in larger quantities. Carbon monoxide is produced when there is not enough oxygen to carbon dioxide, and is always created during a combustion because there is never a perfect combustion. When inhaled, carbon monoxide bond with haemoglobin in the bloodstream and block the normal absorption of oxygen by the blood, thus causing suffocation due to lack of oxygen. Carbon monoxide is made up of carbon and oxygen element, and both of them are harmless. Oxygen is needed for releasing energy in our body, and carbon is used for pencil lead, etc.

Dot and Cross diagram

Calcium Chloride By Joel Koh

Name : Joel Koh ( 13 )       2p3

Compound selected: Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

Chemical bonding involved: ionic bond

Short write-up

Calcium chloride is made up of calcium and chlorine. Calcium chloride is a classified as a harmful substance, many used for ice control on roads and hardening the ground of the swimming pool  . Calcium chloride is known to be able to used as an irritant on desiccating moist skin

 , when ingested might cause ulceration.

 On the other hand both calcium and chlorine is harmless. Calcium is a metallic element, some of it’s uses include: making of cheese, in the making of cement and mortars. Chlorine is a non-metallic element, it is commonly found in the swimming pools to kill bacteria.

Two chlorine atom and one calcium atom is required to form a molecule of Calcium Chloride . The calcium atom gives one electron to each of the calcium electron so that it can form an ionic bond .

Calcium chloride can serve as a source of calcium ions in a solution as, unlike many other calcium compounds, calcium chloride is soluble. This property can be useful for displacing ions from solution. For example, phosphate is displaced from solution by calcium:

3 CaCl₂ (aq) + 2 K₃PO₄ (aq) →Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (s) + 6 KCl (aq)

Thermite-by: 2P3 Wang Zhi

  Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of a metal powder and a metal oxide, which produces an exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction known as athermite reaction. If aluminum is the reducing agent it is called an aluminothermic reaction. Most varieties are not explosive, but can create short bursts of extremely high temperatures focused on a very small area for a short period of time.

 Iron (III) oxide

The aluminium reduces the oxide of another metal, most commonly iron oxide, because aluminium is highly reactive:

Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃ + Heat

The products are aluminium oxide, free elemental iron, and a large amount of heat. The reactants are commonly powdered and mixed with a binder to keep the material solid and prevent separation.

The reaction is used for thermite welding, often used to join rail tracks. Other metal oxides can be used, such as chromium oxide, to generate elemental metal.Copper thermite, using copper oxide, is used for creating electric joints in a process called cadwelding:

3CuO + 2Al → 3Cu + Al₂O₃ + Heat

Some thermite-like mixtures are used as pyrotechnic initiators such as fireworks.

Thermites with nanosized particles are described through a variety of terms, such as metastable intermolecular composites, superthermite nanothermite, and nanocomposite energetic materials.

A mixture of thermite and sulfur produces thermate which lowers the melting point of the iron it contacts when reacting by forming a eutectic system. This is useful in cutting through steel.

Chemical Assignment by Hu Zhanpeng 2P311

Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO₂. This yellowish-green gas crystallizes as orange crystals at −59 °C. As one of several oxides of chlorine, it is a potent and useful oxidizing agent used in water treatment and in bleaching. It is also a highly endothermic compound that can decompose extremely violently when separated from diluting substances. As a result, preparation methods that involve producing solutions of it without going through a gas phase stage are often preferred. Arranging handling in a safe manner is essential. A commercially more important production route uses methanol as the reducing agent and sulfuric acid for the acidity. Two advantages by not using the chloride-based processes are that the co-production of elemental chlorine can be prevented, and that sodium sulfate, a valuable chemical for the pulp mill, is a side-product. These methanol-based processes provide high efficiency and can be made safe.

       So here is the Dot & Cross diagram for Chlorine Dioxide:

Hydrated iron oxide (rust) - Chemical bonding assignment by Gabriel (2P310)

Hydrated iron oxide in mainly made up of water and iron oxide . Iron oxide itself is made up of 2 elements : iron and oxygen .

Iron is a non-harmful element that could even be found in our bodies . 

Oxygen is a harmless element that we inhale and is necessary for living things .

But when added up and combined with water , it is poisonous to the human body . Once it enters our bloodstream , it becomes toxic and deals cell damage . Cell damage builds to tissue damage and lead throughout to organ damage .

Chemical Bonding Assignment by Sim Zhao Xiang 2P324

Nitric oxide (common name) or nitrogen monoxide (systematic name) is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This diatomic gas is an important cell signaling molecule in mammals, including humans, and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry. It is also an air pollutant produced by combustion of substances in air, like in automobile engines and fossil fuel power plants.
In mammals, NO is an important cellular messenger molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Low levels of NO production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage. However, sustained levels of increased NO production result in direct tissue damage and contribute to the vascular collapse associated with septic shock, whereas chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis.

Chemical Bonding Assignment by Chua Man Chin 2p307

Nitrogen dioxide is formed when two harmless elements, nitrogen + oxygen react together. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO₂. Nitric oxide (NO) is an odorless, colourless gas which is produced during high temperature burning of fuel , for example, in cars and other road vehicles, heaters and cookers. Once it is mixed with air it quickly combines with oxygen, forming nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). Nitrogen dioxide is an important air pollutant because it contributes to the formation of photochemical smog, which can have significant impacts on human health. The main effect of breathing in raised levels of nitrogen dioxide is the increased likelihood of respiratory problems. Nitrogen dioxide inflames the lining of the lungs and it can reduce immunity to lung infections. This can cause problems such as wheezing, coughing, colds, flu and bronchitis. Increased levels of nitrogen dioxide can have significant impacts on people with asthma because it can cause more frequent and more intense attacks. Children with asthma and older people with  heart disease are most at risk. The chemical bond between nitrogen and oxygen is a covalent bond.

Triangle = Oxygen electron                 Circle = Nitrogen electron

Linus Ng 2p318 (Science Assignment)

Acetone is the organic compound with the formula (CH₃)₂CO. This colorless, mobile, flammable liquid is the simplest example of the ketones. Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important solvent in its own right, typically as the solvent of choice for cleaning purposes in the laboratory. About 5.1 million tonnes were produced worldwide in 2009, mainly for use as a solvent and production of methyl methacrylate and bisphenol A. Familiar household uses of acetone are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner. It is a common building block in organic chemistry.

 Acetone is either slightly irritating or not irritating, based on animal and limited human information. Application of 1 mL of acetone in a small glass tube to six male volunteers for 30 or 90 minutes resulted in only mild redness and swelling at 90 minutes.

The risk of developing health effects following the absorption of acetone through unbroken skin is very slight. There are several reports of people, usually young children, becoming ill following skin exposure to acetone while lightweight casts were being put on broken limbs. The symptoms experienced were similar to those described following high inhalation exposures. In all cases, a large amount of acetone came into contact with the skin for several hours and inhalation exposure may also have occurred. These reports are not considered relevant to people exposed to acetone at work.

Chemical bonding assignment by Andy Low 2p302

Sulfur dioxide is a compound obtained from Sulfur and Oxygen. Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂. It is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the atmosphere. Both of these impacts are cause for concern over the environmental impact of these fuels.

This is the covalent bond of sulfur dioxide.

sources are: wikipedia.org

Introduction to Chemical Bonding assignment by Chua Sing Earn, Joel 2P308

Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur dioxide is a harmful compound that is formed when the harmless elements sulfur and oxygen react together. Covalent bonding is involved in the process. It has the formula of SO2. It is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel.

Sulfur is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. It is a bright yellow crystalline solid in its native form. In nature, it can be found as the pure element and as sulfide and sulfate minerals. It is an essential element for life and is found in two amino acids: cysteine and methionine.

Oxygen is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, and is a highly reactive nonmetallic element that readily forms compounds with almost all other elements. Free oxygen is too chemically reactive to appear on Earth without the photosynthetic action of living organisms, which use the energy of sunlight to produce elemental oxygen from water. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless, odorless, tasteless diatomic gas with the formula O2.

                      This is the Dot and Cross Diagram of Sulfur Dioxide:

Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide
                 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen
                 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur

Chemical bonding by Lim Joo Bin 2p317

Formic acid (or methanoic acid) is formed by one oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom which is in turn bonded to one hydrogen atom and one hydroxide (OH) molecule. The bonds involved are all covalent bonds.

The chemical formula for formic acid is HCOOH. The constituent elements for formic acid are hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. Formic acid can be obtained by heating oxalic acid in anhydrous glycerol and extraction by steam distillation. Hydrogen is the most abundant and the lightest element ever discovered. The group of hydrogen on the periodic table is I and the atomic number of hydrogen is 1. The electronic configuration of hydrogen is 2. Oxygen is the third most abundant element ever discovered. The mass of oxygen is approximately 16. The group of oxygen on the periodic table is VI and the atomic number of oxygen is 8. The electronic configuration of oxygen is 2.8.  Carbon is the 4^th most abundant element ever discovered. The mass of carbon is approximately 12. The group of carbon on the periodic table is IV and the atomic number is 6. The electronic configuration of carbon is 2.4.

Exposure to formic acid can cause optic nerve damage and blindness, while chronic exposure may cause liver or kidney damage or a development of skin allergy that manifests upon re-exposure to the chemical.  Some scientists have demonstrated it to be a mutagen. Formic acid is usually found in the stings of bee and ants.

Chlorofluorocarbon 2P312 James Wong

 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) cause the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere and create the possibility of serious environmental damage from ultraviolet radiation. Chemical fertilisers and nutrients run-off from farms and gardens cause the build up of toxic algae in rivers, making them uninhabitable to aquatic organisms and unpleasant for humans. Some toxic chemicals find their way from landfill waste sites into our groundwater, rivers and oceans and induce genetic changes that compromise the ability of life to reproduce and survive

Covalent Bond 

Chlorofluorocarbons are covalent bonds

Chemical Bonding Assignment by Alexander Chen (2P301)

Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond. It is produce when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. Carbon monoxide is colourless, odorless and tasteless, yet highly toxic. It combines with haemoglobin to produce carboxyhemoglobin, which does not supply the body with sufficient oxygen. A level of 50% carboxyhemoglobin may result in seizure, coma, and fatality. The most common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue and a feeling of weakness. Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause damage to the heart, central nervous system as well as the foetus of a pregnant woman.

Sources: http://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?action=printpage;topic=4915.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide

Done by: Alexander Chen (2P301)

2P333 Nitric Oxide

Nitrogen and oxygen are all pretty harmless when they are on their own, but when they are combined, Nitric Oxide, a gas which is damaging to the respiratory system, heart disease, lung tissue damage, and premature death, is produced. Nitric Oxide is an air pollutant, produced by combustion of substances in air, like in automobile engines and fossil fuel power plants. Nitric oxide in the air may convert to nitric acid, which has been implicated in acid rain. Furthermore, it also participates in the depletion of the ozone layer. Ironically, in mammals, it is also an important cellular messenger molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes.

The chemical bonding in this compound is covalent bonds, as both elements are non-metals. As seen from the diagram above, it is made from an atom of nitrogen and an atom of oxygen.

Sim WenHong 2P3 23 Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide is a chemical compound made up by carbon and oxygen. It is only slightly lighter than air, however, highly toxic to humans and animals if over inhaled. Ironically, it is produced during metabolism, thus it is believed to have some normal biological functions. The atoms, one carbon and one oxygen atom are combined in a unique triple bond that is made up of two covalent bonds. Carbon monoxide is also known to be the most fatal air pollutant and killer in the world, partly because it is colorless, tasteless and odorless but highly toxic. It is also used in meat-coloring as it gives a bright cherry-pink color when reacted with myoglobin.

Carbon monoxide 2p319

Carbon monoxide

Oxygen and carbon is harmless yet when combined results in a harmful gas known as carbon monoxide which is colorless, odorless and tasteless and gets the effect of gas poisoning which cause a human to die within a minute. It is a covalent bond where its molecular formula is CO. Carbon monoxide is highly toxic and flammable. Oxygen itself is toxic if there is too much of it which can kill in at least 6 minutes, highly abundant, needed for respiration and oxygen is flammable. Carbon is highly abundant, highly inflammable, highly stable, produced from respiration and needed for photosynthesis. Yet, carbon monoxide is produced in such conditions and characteristics with a highly toxic that can kill within a minute and highly flammable, against the characteristics of carbon and more flammable and toxic than of oxygen.

Ong Yi Kai (2P321) Science Assignment

Hydrogen chloride forms corrosive hydrochloric acid on contact with water found in body tissue. Inhalation of the fumes can cause coughing, choking and inflammation of the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract, and in severe cases, pulmonary edema, circulatory system failure, and death. Skin contact can cause redness, pain, and severe skin burns. Hydrogen chloride may cause severe burns to the eye and permanent eye damage.
Hydrogen chloride is made up of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom, whereby the atoms share their valence electrons, thus they are joined by covalent bonds. A hydrogen atom has 1 valence electrons while a chlorine atom has7, and in order to obtain a stable structure, the hydrogen atom has to share 1 electron with the chlorine atoms After that, the hydrogen atom would have acquired the electronic configuration of 2 (, while the chlorine atom would have acquired the electronic configuration of 2.8.8 

Chemical Bonding Assignment by Chen Dewei

Carbon dioxide is a gaseous compound which is harmful and can cause choking. It is the main component of greenhouse gases and is necessary for plants to photosynthesise. Carbon dioxide is made up of a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, whereby the atoms share their valence electrons, thus they are joined by covalent bonds. A carbon atom has 4 valence electrons while an oxygen atom has 6, and in order to obtain a stable structure, the carbon atom has to share 4 electrons (2 each) with the oxygen atoms (duplet structure) while each of the oxygen atom has to share 2 electrons with the carbon atom (octet structure), and that is why 2 oxygen atoms and 1 carbon atom are used. After that, the carbon atom would have acquired the electronic configuration of 2 (helium atom), while the oxygen atoms would have acquired the electronic configuration of 2.8 (neon atom).

Chemical Bonding Assignment By Leow Wei Sheng 2P315

I have decided to do the write-up for Ammonia. Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen: Nitrogen (N) + Hydrogen (H) + Hydrogen (H) + Hydrogen (H) = Ammonia (NH₃). Nitrogen and Hydrogen are not deadly, while Ammonia is rather deadly and harmful. Ammonia is mostly used in commercial cleaning products, to make things shine. Although in wide use, Ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. These solutions are irritating to the eyes and respiratory and digestive tracts, and to a lesser extent the skin. Ammonia should never be mixed into any liquid containing bleach, or a poisonous gas may result. Mixing with Chlorine-containing products or strong oxidants, for example household bleach can lead to hazardous compounds such as Chloramines (an inorganic compound). Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless, tasteless and mostly inert gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.08% by volume of Earth's atmosphere. It was first discovered by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford, in 1772. For Hydrogen, it is the lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe. Hydrogen gas (H₂) was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with strong acids.

As the elements share their valence electrons, the compound bond is a covalent bond. Hydrogen atoms have one valence electron while Nitrogen atoms have five valence electron. Thus, three Hydrogen atoms is needed to bond with one nitrogen atom so that each Hydrogen atom gets the electronic configuration of Helium (two valence electron) while the Nitrogen atom gets the electronic configuration of Neon (eight valence electrons) and in the end form the compound Ammonia.

Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen
             http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen
             http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia

Done by: Tay Wei Sheng (26) (2P3)

Cyanide

Both carbon and nitrogen are not harmful, but if they form a compound, which is cyanide, it is harmful, or rather deadly. The main risks associated with the use of cyanide in mining process are exposure of workers to concentrated hydrogen cyanide gas, leaking of cyanide into the environment and exposure of surrounding communities to cyanide due to accidental releases. During the mining process, the release of cyanide along with other toxic chemicals such as arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury, leads to harmful effects and permanent damage to some species of animals, plants and human beings. It may also result in deforestation, soil erosion, landslides, and contamination of underground water. It also potentially increases the human intake of several toxic substances. All the cyanide-containing water bodies formed during gold mining milling operations are hazardous to wild animals and migratory birds such waterfowl and bats, if not managed properly. Even accidental leaking of cyanide solutions into rivers and streams will kill fish and other aquatic animals massively. Especially, freshwater fish are the most cyanide-sensitive aquatic organisms.

The chemical bond between nitrogen and carbon is a covalent bond.

Science assignment by David Li (2p309)

Methyl vinyl ketone

source :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_vinyl_ketone

Carbon(C) + (C) + (C) + (C) + Hydrogen(H) + (H) + (H) + (H) + (H) + (H) + Oxygen(O) = Methyl vinyl ketone (C₄H₆O). It consist of 4 carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. Methyl vinyl ketone is a reactive organic compound classified as an enone. It is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic liquid with a pungent odor.Its alkylating ability is both the source of its high toxicity and the feature that makes it a useful intermediate in organic synthesis. Methyl vinyl ketone is extremely hazardous upon inhalation, causing coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath even at low concentrations. It will also readily cause irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Its melting point is -7 °C, its boiling point is 81.4 °C and its density is 0.8407 g/c,m³

Alex Wu(2P329) Science Assignment

Write up for Potassium Cyanide

Highly poisonous, Potassium Cyanide is commonly used as a killing agent in collecting jars. It smells of bitter almonds, but the ability to do so is passed down as a genetic trait.

It is created by Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) with Potassium Hydroxide (KCN).

                HCN+KON=KCN+H₂O

                Potassium Cyanide causes blood in the body to lose the ability to use the oxygen in them. Therefore, if someone consumes Potassium Cyanide, convulsions would occur. If the person is not treated within 45 minutes, he would most probably die from cardiac arrest.

Science Assignment by Soh Zheng Yang 2P325

Potassium Cyanide

 Potassium (K) + Carbon (C) + Nitrogen (N) = Potassium Cyanide (KCN)

It consists of 1 Carbon atom, 1 Potassium atom and 1 Nitrogen atom.  Potassium Cyanide is a colourless crystaline compound and is highly soluble in water. Potassium Cyanide is highly toxic and smells like bitter almonds. Its melting point is 634.5 °C while its boiling point is 1625 °C. The Potassium molecule makes up 60.04% of the total mass, Carbon 18.45%, and the Nitrogen 21.51%. The potassium and carbon molecules bond together with a single ionic bond and the carbon and nitrogen are held together by a covalent triple bond. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration, acting on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and hence blocking oxidative phosphorylation. This prevents the body from oxidizing food to produce useful energy. If this compound is being swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin, one might die within an hour if not treated medically. 
The full structural formula of KCN: