Ecology HBL Assignment By Alex Wu 2P329

2) Reflect on this:

How has/will human activities in the Amazon regions affect the Allomerus decemarticulatus ants?

Human activities in the Amazon regions will affect the Allomerus decemarticulatus ants by deforestation. Human activities in the Amazon region will require more and more space as time passes by. To have the space, humans would have to cut down trees. This causes deforestation and the amount of Hirtella physophora plant, which is the host plant for the Allomerus decemarticulatus ants, would slowly reduce. This results in the Allomerus decemarticulatus ants able to have fewer traps and lesser chances of catching its prey. This will also result in the lack of food for the Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and cause a decrease in its population. Therefore, this proves that human activities in the Amazon regions will affect the Allomerus decemarticulatus ants.

3) a) From the extract, identify the different symbiotic relationships and cite the organisms involved.
Commensalism: Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and fungus
Mutualism: Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and Hirtella physophora plant
Parasitism: Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and its prey

b) For each type of relationship you have identified in (a), name another example of a pair of organsms depicting that relationship in nature.
Commensalism: Barnacles and scallops
Mutualism: Ocellaris Clownfish and Ritteri sea anemone
Parasitism: Cowbird and its host bird

HBL assignment

2) There are several activities in the Amazonian rainforest that affect the population of the Allomerus Decimarticulatus ants. Mass deforestation, having affected 70% of South Africa’s tropical savannah, is harmful to the ants. First, Ants will have a smaller number of trees to set their ambushes on. Hence, this leads to competition between different colonies of ants. Also, fewer trees mean smaller area of habitat for animals that the Allomerus Decimarticulatus prey on; hence food will also become a problem. Also, pesticides sprayed on the soil and plants by the grain farmers will also reduce the ant population. Also, when it is raining, soil will begin to erode, hence destroying the homes of the ants, and sometimes destroying the queen ant’s eggs.

3a) Mutualism between the tree and the ants, predatory between the ants and its prey, herbivory between the tree and the ant’s prey.

3b) Plants and animals. Humans respire and give out carbon dioxide as a waste product. Plants will photosynthesize and produce oxygen, which in turn allows respiration. Herbivores such eat zebras eat plants such as grass. Predators such as leopards eat the zebras.

Clement Ooi

Ecology by Wang Zhi

60-70 percent of deforestation in the Amazon results from cattle ranches while the rest mostly results from small-scale subsistence agriculture. Despite the widespread press attention, large-scale farming (i.e. soybeans) currently contributes relatively little to total deforestation in the Amazon. Most soybean cultivation takes place outside the rainforest in the neighboring cerrado grassland ecosystem and in areas that have already been cleared. Logging results in forest degradation but rarely direct deforestation. However, studies have showed a close correlation between logging and future clearing for settlement and farming.


Commensalism: Allomerus Decemarticulatus ants and plant. 
Mutualism: Allomerus Decemarticulatus ants and other insects.
Parasitism: Allomerus Decemarticulatus ants and the preys.

Commensalism: Remora and shark

Mutualism: Crocodile and bird

Parasitism: Lion and zebra

Ecology HBL Leow Wei Sheng 2P315

2) Deforestation will destroy the natural habitat of the Allomerus Decemarticulatus, causing them to lose their homes and their livelihoods. If the plants are destroyed, the ants would not be able to make the traps, and they will not be able to obtain food. Thus, they will start to decrease in numbers and eventually die out. Trekking may also destroy the habitat of the Allomerus Decemarticulatus, however on a smaller scale. The trekkers may step on the habitat and destroy it.

3a) Commencialism: Allomerus Decemarticulatus and host plant.
     Mutualism: Allomerus Decemarticulatus ants and mould.

     Parasitism: Allomerus Decemarticulatus ants and prey.

3b)
Commencialism: Young fishes and shrimps hide in the tangle of roots of a mangrove tree to avoid larger predators.     

Mutualism: Sponges let micro-organisms live on them while the micro-organisms produce more food than they can comsume and the excess is picked up by the sponge.
Parasitism: Endoparasitic wasp inject their eggs into moth or butterfly larvae and the wasp larvae feed on the larvae of the butterfly or moth.

David Li

Deforestation is being carried out in Amazon forest, and the plants which the allomerus decemarticulatus ants inhabit will be destroyed and the ants will die as there will not be enough, so they cannot create traps and there fore will become extinct as they cannot defend themselves

3a) Mutualism - Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and mould

      Exploitative (Predation) - Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and other insects

      Commensalism - Allomerus decemarticulatus and Hirtella physophora

3b)  Mutualism – Remora and shark

       Exploitative (Predation) – Cheetah & Thompson gazelle

       Commensalism – Barnacles and Scallop

Home Based learning Ecology by Lim Dae Koon (2p316)

2 ) The humans will start clearing lands in the Amazon regions, which will lead to deforestation. This will cause the species in Amazon to lose their habitat. For Allomerus decemarticulatus, they will lose their natural habitat, which is the plant, since the plant they are living in will get destroyed. Also, they would not be able to capture any insects, because they would not be able to get the hair from the plant, since the plant will be cut down by humans clearing the land.

3a ) Mutualism : Allomerus Decemarticulatus and mould

Commensalism : Allomerus Decemarticulatus and plant the ant lives in

Predation : Allomerus Decemarticulatus and its prey (insects that passes by the trap)

3b ) Mutualism : Goby fish and shrimp

     Commensalism : Spider an a plant.

     Predation : Eagle and rabbit

HBL ecology Joel Koh 2p313

If human in the Amazon region start to cut tree and deforest the Amazon. As the Allomerus decemarticulatus requires the tree to create their trap , without the tree these Allomerus decemarticulatus cannot built their trap . without their trap which are the main method they get food . They are unable to get food , hence the number of Allomerus decemarticulatus will decrease significantly and may lead to extinction .

  

3a) Mutualism: Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and mould

Commensalism: Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and tree

Predatory: Allomerus decemarticulatus ants and their prey

3b)  Mutualism: Bees and flowers

Commensalism: Cattle egrets and livestock

Predatory: Lion and deer